Which organization was founded in 1909 to advance Black civil rights across the United States?

• A. SCLC
• B. NAACP
• C. CORE
• D. NUL

Answer: (B)

The main idea here is recognizing which nationwide Black civil rights organization was established in 1909 and began working to secure legal and political rights for African Americans across the country. That organization is the NAACP, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. It formed at the turn of the 20th century as a broad national effort to challenge racial injustice through legal challenges, lobbying, and public advocacy, aiming to protect the rights of Black Americans everywhere in the United States. The other groups were started later and, while they also pursued civil rights in various ways, their founding dates and emphases don’t match 1909: one emerged in the 1940s–1950s during the later Civil Rights era, and another began earlier as a national organization with a different core focus. So the NAACP fits the given date and scope precisely.