James Farmer, George Houser and Bernice Fisher advocated for civil rights through which organization, founded in Chicago in 1942?

• A. Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
• B. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
• C. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
• D. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Answer: (A)

The question is about identifying a specific civil rights group founded in Chicago in 1942 by James Farmer, George Houser, and Bernice Fisher, known for using nonviolent means to challenge segregation. That group is the Congress of Racial Equality, CORE. CORE formed as an interracial organization that pressed for desegregation through nonviolent direct action, organizing campaigns like sit-ins and later the Freedom Rides to test and dismantle segregation laws and practices. The other organizations didn’t match this founding city and year: the NAACP began in 1909 in New York with a legal-challenges focus; SNCC emerged in 1960 as a student-led movement; SCLC started in 1957 in Atlanta as a church-based leadership group. So CORE is the one connected to those founders and that Chicago 1942 start.